qRT-PCR analysis of transcriptional levels of <i>hh</i>, <i>dpp</i>, and <i>Notch</i> in <i>L. migratoria</i> and <i>O. furnacalis</i>.

<p><i>Actin</i> and ribosomal protein L8 (<i>rpL8</i>) were used as an internal standard to normalize the templates in <i>L. migratoria</i> and <i>O. furnacalis</i>, respectively. RNA was extracted from wing discs of forewings (F) or hind wings (H) collected from the first-instar (L1), second-instar (L2), third-instar (L3), fourth-instar (L4) and fifth-instar (L5) <i>L. migratoria</i> nymph or <i>O. furnacalis</i> larvae. The bars represent the mean ± S. D. (<i>n</i> = 3). Bars labeled with different letters are significantly different (one-way ANOVA, followed by the Newman-Keuls test, <i>P</i><0.05).