Biodiversity and aquaculture potential of invertebrates in the marine aquarium trade.

<p><i>Organism group</i>: labels from online survey groupings. <i>Percentage hobbyist</i>: number of hobbyists from online survey that keep specimens of that group. <i>Species imported to USA</i>: number of species imported to USA for 2004/5 using data from Rhyne et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Rhyne3" target="_blank">[25]</a>. <i>Stock demand</i>: defined as percentage of organism group kept by hobbyist with low (<2%); medium (2–25%) and high (>25%). <i>Captive bred reports</i>: reports of successful sexual reproduction from the Marine Breeders Initiative list (accessed April 2013) and the percentage of species imported into the USA. <i>Organisations 1-9</i>: who provided information on species cultured commercially; not all are currently in commercial production. <i>Other sources</i>: other records (e.g. research articles etc) of reproduction (^bgastropods e.g. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Murakioshi1" target="_blank">[30]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-PenhaLopes1" target="_blank">[31]</a>; ^cusing non-tropical species e.g. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Watson1" target="_blank">[34]</a>; ^d<i>Mithraculus</i> crabs e.g. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Tamaru2" target="_blank">[24]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Rhyne3" target="_blank">[25]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Feldheim1" target="_blank">[26]</a>; ^e<i>Sabellastarte spectabilis</i> e.g. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Bybee1" target="_blank">[21]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Bybee2" target="_blank">[22]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Tamaru1" target="_blank">[23]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Tamaru2" target="_blank">[24]</a>. <i>Asexual reproduction</i>: records of species that can reproduce asexually ^g produced by fragging; ^h by regeneration e.g. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Murray2" target="_blank">[16]</a>; ⁱsome anemones e.g. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-Calfo1" target="_blank">[27]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105982#pone.0105982-CenturinFernandz1" target="_blank">[28]</a>. <i>Aquaculture potential</i>. Low: no commercial breeding, very few or no reports of breeding on MBI list. Aquaculture is not likely to fill the gaps any time soon. Medium: some potential, a few species bred but minimal commercial output; High: many species already bred on MBI list and commercially common, expect rapid transfer to other species in family assuming similar breeding pattern. <i>Gap Analysis</i>. Traffic light system (green, amber or red category) based on hobbyist demand and current operational efforts to culture them. Green category included species with low demand or medium/high demand but successful aquaculture production; amber category included those species with medium or high demand and limited aquaculture potential, while a red category highlights high demand groups with no operational culture initiatives.</p><p>Biodiversity and aquaculture potential of invertebrates in the marine aquarium trade.