Recombinant CBMs and LacNAc and/or lactose reduce pneumococcal adherence in a BgaA-dependent manner.

<p>(A) Adherence of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strain R6 and R6Δ<i>bgaA</i> to NHBE cells in the presence of CBM71-1, CBM71-2 or CBM71-1.2 (250 µM). Asterisks indicate significant differences in adherence in the presence or absence of CBM. (B) Adherence of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strain C06_18 and C06_18Δ<i>bgaA</i> to NHBE cells in the presence of CBM71-1, CBM71-2 or CBM71-1.2 (250 µM). (C) Adherence of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strain R6 and R6Δ<i>bgaA</i> to NHBE cells in the presence of LacNAc and lactose (0–10 mM). Asterisks indicate significant differences in adherence in the presence or absence of disaccharide. (D) Adherence of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strain C06_18 and C06_18Δ<i>bgaA</i> to NHBE cells in the presence of LacNAc and lactose (0–10 mM). As in (C) except using pneumococcal strain C06_18. Adherence assays are mean ± SD of three independent experiments each performed in triplicate. Statistically significant differences were assessed using a two-tailed Student's <i>t</i>-test. * p≤0.04, ** p≤0.007, *** p≤8×10⁻⁴.