Expression of SPDEF in prostate adenocarcinoma cells decreased prostate carcinogenesis in orthotopic model.

<p>Mouse prostates were harvested 5 weeks after inoculation of control TRAMP C2 adenocarcinoma cells or TRAMP C2 cells with stable expression of SPDEF (SPDEF OE). <b>A</b>. SPDEF decreased the growth of prostate tumors in orthotopic model. Mean weights of prostate glands (±SD) are shown (n = 10 for control TRAMP C2 cells, n = 5 for SPDEF OE cells). <b>B</b>. mRNA levels of <i>SPDEF</i> in tumors are shown by qRT-PCR. <b>C</b>. SPDEF decreased cellular proliferation as demonstrated by reduced numbers of Ki-67-positive and PH3-positive cells. Magnification is ×100. <b>D</b>. Percentage of Ki-67-positive and PH3-positive cells were counted in five random microscope fields (n = 3 mice per group, left panels). Decreased mRNA levels of proliferation-specific genes in SPDEF OE prostates were found by qRT-PCR (right panel). Data represent means ± SD of three independent determinations using prostate tissue from n = 5–10 mice in each group. A <i>p</i> value<0.01 is shown with (**) and <i>p</i> value<0.05 is shown with (*).