p<i>38c</i> contributes to <i>P. entomophila</i> mediated inhibition of translation.

<p>(<b>A</b>) <i>p38c^7B1</i> flies showed an increased rate of epithelium renewal upon <i>P. entomophila</i> infection compared to wild-type flies. Stem cell division along the midgut was quantified using an anti-PH3-antibody. p<0.001 = *** (<b>B</b>) Sections of guts from <i>p38c^7B1</i> flies orally infected with <i>P. entomophila</i> had higher number of dividing cells than their wild-type counterparts. Guts from unchallenged flies (<b>B1</b> and <b>B3</b>) or flies sampled 8 h after <i>Pe</i> ingestion (<b>B2</b> and <b>B4</b>) are shown. Small red cells (ISCs) immunostained using anti-PH3-antibody correspond to mitotic cells. DAPI: blue. (<b>C</b>) The Dpt-lacZ activity/<i>Dpt-lacZ</i> ratio (reflection the level of translation) in <i>P. entomophila</i> infected guts was higher in <i>p38c^7B1</i> flies compared to <i>p38a¹³</i>, <i>p38b^156A</i> or wild-type flies. This ratio was also higher upon <i>Ecc15</i> infection because infection with this pathogen also reduces translation, although at a lower level than that observed with <i>P. entomophila</i><a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004659#pgen.1004659-Chakrabarti1" target="_blank">[16]</a>. Mean values of at least three experiments (N = 10 to 20 guts each) ± SE are shown. ** p<0.01, determined by Student's <i>t</i> test, NS: non-significant. The ratio Dpt-lacZ activity/<i>Dpt-lacZ</i> ratio observed upon <i>Ecc15</i> infection was higher but not significantly different in <i>p38c^7B1</i> flies compared to wild-type. (<b>D</b>) Western blot analysis with an anti-Upd3 antibody revealed an increase Upd3 protein level in the guts of <i>p38c^7B1</i> flies at 16 hr after <i>P. entomophila</i>.