Forest plot of the change in serum creatinine, calcium and iPTH.

<p>(A). There was a significant increase in the serum creatinine of the intervention group (SMD = −3.101 [−5.33, −0.89], <i>p</i> for effect = 0.006, <i>p</i> for heterogeneity <0.001, <i>I²</i> = 97.1%). Four studies with 221 patients were analyzed.(B). No significant difference was detected in the serum calcium of the intervention and control groups (serum calcium: SMD = 2.18 [−0.8, 5.16], <i>p</i> for effect = 0.151, <i>p</i> for heterogeneity <0.001, <i>I²</i> = 98.3%). Five studies with 246 patients were analyzed. (C). There was no difference in the serum iPTH of the intervention and control groups at 1-year follow-up (SMD = 0.06 [−0.19, 0.31], <i>p</i> for effect = 0.646, <i>p</i> for heterogeneity = 0.836, <i>I²</i> = 0.00%). Five studies with 246 patients were analyzed. iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone. SMD: standardized mean difference.