ChR2+ asctrocytic stimulation modulates neuronal calcium waves frequency.

<p><b>A</b>, Bottom, snapshots from Ca²⁺ experiments during stimulation with 380 nm (<b>i</b>) and 470 nm (<b>ii</b>) light. Green circles indicate neurons, one of which (blue circle) was co-localizated with the ChR-2 positive astrocyte (star). Top, time course of one of the not colocalized neurons (circled in green). <b>B</b>,Time course of all circled neurons mean relative fluorescence and (inset)single cell measurement of calcium wave frequency (paired t test p<0.0001). <b>C</b>, Concurrent patch clamp and Ca²⁺imaging time course of the neuron circled in blue in <b>A</b>(<b>iii</b>). The red arrow shows the first wave (top) syncronised with the first sEPSCs burst and the red arrows show following sEPSCs bursts concomitant to internal calcium concentration increase.