The antifungal metabolites obtained from the rhizospheric <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. YIM PH30001 against pathogenic fungi of <i>Panax notoginseng</i>

<div><p>Eight anthraquinones (<b>1–8</b>), three xanthones (<b>11–13</b>) and two phenols (<b>9–10</b>) were isolated from <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. associated with <i>Panax notoginseng</i>, and their structures were determined as ziganein-1-methyl ether (<b>1</b>), 8-<i>O</i>-methylchrysophanol <b>(2</b>), averythrin (<b>3</b>), averufin (<b>4</b>), 8-<i>O</i>-methyl averufin (<b>5</b>), versicolorin B (<b>6</b>), averantin (<b>7</b>), methyl-averantin (<b>8</b>), arugosin C (<b>9</b>), diorcinol (<b>10</b>), sterigmatocystin (<b>11</b>), demethylsterigmatocystin (<b>12</b>) and dihydrosterigmatocystin (<b>13</b>) by spectroscopic analyses. Compounds <b>1</b>, <b>2</b> and<b> 5</b> were the novel isolates from genus <i>Aspergillus</i>. Compounds <b>3</b>, <b>6</b> and<b> 7</b> exhibited antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium</i><i>solani</i>, pathogenic fungus of <i>P. notoginseng</i>, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16<b>–</b>32 μg/mL, and compounds <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>, <b>7</b> and <b>9</b> showed antibacterial activity against <i>Bacillus</i><i>subtilis</i> with MICs of 64–128 μg/mL, 16–32 μg/mL, 8–16 μg/mL, 16–32 μg/mL and 64–128 μg/mL, respectively. The metabolites showed the potential value in the research of antifungal agents, especially in searching for a biocontrol of diseases of <i>P. notoginseng</i>. The preliminary structure–activity relationships have been discussed for some of the compounds.</p>