Anti-CD3+MK626 treatment allowed marginal β-cell replication in new-onset diabetic NOD mice.

<p>(A) Confocal microscopy images of insulin (gray), CldU (green), IdU (red) (left). Green arrowheads indicate CldU+ positive β-cells, red arrowheads indicated IdU+ positive β-cells and orange arrowheads indicate CldU+IdU+ β-cells. Quantitative analysis of β-cell proliferation after thymidine analog labeling, as measured by insulin+ cells that co-stained for CldU+, IdU+, or both (right). Box plots are depicted with Tukey whiskers from minimum and maximum. (B) Representative images from confocal microscopy of Ki67 (red) and insulin (green) staining of pancreatic sections from anti-CD3+MK626 treated (2 weeks after therapy) mice. Arrow heads indicate Ki67+ β-cells. The box plots represent the percentage of insulin+Ki67+ cells in at least 80 islets and are depicted with Tukey whiskers from minimum and maximum. For each figure set, at least 5,000 insulin+ cells were counted from 20 non-serial sections for the control and treated mice (5 to 6 per group), respectively. * vs. new-onset diabetic mice; † vs. longstanding diabetic mice. One symbol p<0.05; two symbols p<0.01.