HDGF is downregulated in the presence of VA RNA.

<p>(A) HDGF and TIA-1 mRNA levels after VA RNA-expressing plasmid (pVAda41) transfection. RNA (A) and protein (B) were isolated after 48 h from 293 cells transfected with pVA41da or control plasmid. HDGF or TIA-1 and 18S rRNA were quantified using qPCR and plotted for comparison. The expression level in control-plasmid transfected cells was set at 1, and the ratio of the expression levels in all the cases was calculated. The error bars show the standard deviations of three different experiments. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with mock cells (unpaired Student <i>t</i>-test). (B) HDGF and actin, used as a loading control, were evaluated using western blot analysis.