Expression levels of <i>APOBEC3</i> and <i>IFNB</i> in infected humanized mice.

<p>(A) Dispersion of HIV-1 growth efficiency in humanized mice. (<i>Left</i>) The peak VLs of WT HIV-1 (n = 7), 4A HIV-1 (n = 11), 5A HIV-1 (n = 12), and 4A5A HIV-1 (n = 8) were classified into 4 degrees (less than 10³, 10³–10⁴, 10⁴–10⁵, or more than 10⁵), and the distribution is plotted. (<i>Right</i>) The coefficient of variance of the peak VLs of WT HIV-1 (n = 7), 4A HIV-1 (n = 11), 5A HIV-1 (n = 12), and 4A5A HIV-1 (n = 8) is shown. (B) Expression levels of <i>APOBEC3D</i>, <i>APOBEC3F</i>, and <i>APOBEC3G</i> in the splenic human CD4⁺ T cells of humanized mice (n = 73) were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The values were standardized as previously described <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004453#ppat.1004453-Refsland2" target="_blank">[43]</a>, and the level of <i>APOBEC3D</i> is set to 1 to facilitate comparison. (C) Expression levels of <i>APOBEC3D</i>, <i>APOBEC3F</i>, <i>APOBEC3G</i>, and <i>IFNB</i> in the splenic human CD4⁺ T cells of infected mice (WT, n = 13; 4A, n = 20; 5A, n = 17; and 4A5A, n = 15) and mock-infected mice (n = 8) at 6 wpi were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Horizontal bars represent the averages. Asterisks represent statistically significant difference (<i>P</i><0.05 by Student's <i>t</i> test) between infected mice and mock-infected mice. (D) Negative correlation between VL and <i>APOBEC3</i> expression in 4A HIV-1-infected humanized mice. The mRNA expression levels of <i>APOBEC3D</i> (<i>left</i>), <i>APOBEC3F</i> (<i>middle</i>), and <i>APOBEC3G</i> (<i>right</i>) in the splenic human CD4⁺ T cells (x-axes) and the VL at 6 wpi (y-axis) of 4A HIV-1-infected mice (n = 20) are shown. The lines represent exponential approximation. Pearson correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) was adopted to determine statistically significant correlation between each value.