Effect of KSHV binding and gene expression on virus-mediated Nrf2 induction.

<p><b>A</b>) Deconvoluted IFA imaging of HMVEC-d cells infected with BrdU-labeled genome containing KSHV for 24 hr, and stained with rabbit anti-pNrf2 primary antibody and goat anti-rabbit (Alexa-Fluor 488-green) secondary antibody, and with mouse anti-BrdU primary antibody and goat anti-mouse (Alexa-Fluor 594-red) secondary antibody. Yellow square = enlarged area; red arrows = infected cell; white arrows = uninfected cells with low pNrf2; blue arrows = uninfected cell with high nuclear pNrf2; blue staining = DAPI. Yellow arrows = colocalization of pNrf2 and BrdU-labeled KSHV genome. <b>B</b>) Confocal imaging of two HMVEC-d cells for pNrf2, BrdU-labeled KSHV genome and DAPI. Dashed white line separates the field in two, the top field containing an uninfected cell while the bottom field containing a 24 hr KSHV-infected cell. <b>C</b>) Confocal imaging on three separate stacks of the same cell infected with BrdU-labeled KSHV for 24 hr. Triple-merged figures are shown on the bottom-most row, and representative colocalization figures are enlarged in the yellow boxes.