Measures of prediction error.

<p>Mean squared error (MSE) in predictions is presented for each model at each forecast horizon (1, 2, and 3 months ahead). Percent change in MSE relative to the null model (∂MSE₀) is presented to measure improvement in prediction accuracy. Improvements greater than 5% relative to the null model are indicated with <b>bold</b> text.</p><p>Measures of prediction error.