Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Conductivity and Swelling Properties of Porous Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

<div><p>Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were added to polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels in different proportions to tune their electrical and mechanical properties. The choice of MWCNTs as a reinforcement is justified by the fact that these are highly conducting, fairly stable and flexible particles. A series of MWCNT/PAM hydrogels were prepared by freezing method. The characteristic absorption peaks at 1480 and 1213 cm⁻¹ in the FTIR spectra reveal that MWCNTs are embedded in the PAM hydrogels. Powder x-ray diffractograms and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) images show that the MWCNT/PAM hydrogels are crystalline, more thermally stable and have a higher electrical conductivity than a traditional PAM hydrogel. Scanning electron micrographs reveal about reduced pore size, homogeneous and denser texture. The swelling properties of all these hybrid hydrogels were found to be better than those of the parent PAM hydrogel. The Li–Tanaka equation was employed to produce the swelling parameters. The diffusion coefficients (<i>D</i>_<i>c</i>) of PAM hydrogel is 10 times higher than the literature value. 0.8% MWCNTs reinforced PAM hydrogel has excellent τ_c and electrical conductivity (0.76 mS/cm) with improvements in all properties. Lower <i>D</i>_<i>c</i> of 0.8% MWCNTs/PAM hydrogel reveal that extent of crosslinking is much important than density of the system for a better collective diffusion of the respective solvent.</p>