Growth rate (panel A), yield (panel B) and biofilm forming ability (panel C) differences between ancestral clones and clones that have evolved alone (B) or in different combinations of bacterial enemies.

<p>Anc.: ancestral bacterial strain DB 11; B: bacteria; A: amoebae; C: ciliate; P: phage. Letters indicate if treatment means are considered statistically similar (p>0.05) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Tests are based on the post hoc comparisons of estimated marginal means for treatments of ANOVA testing the effects of treatment and population identity on these traits. Bars correspond to measurements of 6 clones from 8 replicate populations, in ancestor n = 16).