Blood glucose change in naïve and taVNS treated rats.

<p>Showing the development of hyperglycemia in ZDF rats with or without the taVNS treatment (a) and the effect of taVNS in ZL rats. ZDF, naïve ZDF rats; ZL, naïve ZL rats; taVNS, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation; AMS, auricular margin stimulation; Bas, baseline; W1-5, week 1 to week 5 of the experiment. *, **, ***, P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001 <i>vs.</i> Bas; #, ###, P<0.05, 0.001 <i>vs.</i> naïve rats, respectively.