Diabetic animals demonstrated increased tubulointerstitial inflammation, which was not ameliorated by empagliflozin.

<p>Representative photographs of immunohistochemistry for tubulointerstitial F4/80 stain for activated macrophages in A) ctrl, B) ctrl + empa, C) dm, D) dm + empa, E) dm + tel groups (Magnification = original X 400) and quantification of F4/80 positive cells in tubulointerstitium (F) which was done by calculating the average number of F4/80 positive cells per high power field (HPF) in each group. Representative photographs of immunohistochemistry for tubular TLR2 in G) ctrl, H) ctrl + empa, I) dm, J) dm + empa, K) dm + tel groups (Magnification = original X 200) and quantification of tubular TLR2 expression by Image J (L). (Data are expressed as mean ± SEM with * = P<0.05 vs ctrl, ** = P<0.001 vs ctrl and # = P<0.05 vs dm).