TNFα increases proliferation of VSMCs.

<p>VSMCs were serum-starved for 24 h, treated with the indicated drugs for 24 h and labeled with BrdU for 60 min. Cells were then fixed with 80% ethanol and BrdU incorporation was detected using anti-BrdU antibody and AF488-conjugated secondary antibody using LSC. (<b>A</b>) Cells were treated with TNFα with and without QNZ. Graph shows the percentage of BrdU positive cells of the total scanned cells. (<b>B</b>) Cells were treated with TNFα and/or Dox to induce myocardin expression. Graph shows the percentage of BrdU positive cells of the total number of cells (n = 6, *p<0.05).