Bacterial Endophytic Communities in the Grapevine Depend on Pest Management

<div><p>Microbial plant endophytes are receiving ever-increasing attention as a result of compelling evidence regarding functional interaction with the host plant. Microbial communities in plants were recently reported to be influenced by numerous environmental and anthropogenic factors, including soil and pest management. In this study we used automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) fingerprinting and pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA to assess the effect of organic production and integrated pest management (IPM) on bacterial endophytic communities in two widespread grapevines cultivars (Merlot and Chardonnay). High levels of the dominant <i>Ralstonia</i>, <i>Burkholderia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> genera were detected in all the samples We found differences in the composition of endophytic communities in grapevines cultivated using organic production and IPM. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to the <i>Mesorhizobium</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> genera were relatively more abundant in plants from organic vineyards, while <i>Ralstonia</i>, <i>Burkholderia</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> were more abundant in grapevines from IPM vineyards. Minor differences in bacterial endophytic communities were also found in the grapevines of the two cultivars.</p>