<p>Each graph plots spikes per second as a function of time in milliseconds and each line represents the average spike rate of the neuron when the subject was presented with one of three rewards. (A) For this particularly neuron the firing rates following stimulus presentation are statistically different (ANOVA, F(2,652) = 3.63, p = 0.0271), while the firing rates following the receipt of reward are not statistically different (ANOVA, F(2,652) = 1.67, p = 0.1889). (B) The example neuron for Subject 2 has statistically different responses to the presentation of the reward stimuli (ANOVA, F(2,551) = 4.11, p = 0.017) and the neurons responds statistically differently to the rewards (ANOVA, (2,551) = 10.96, p<0.001.</p
<p>A) Data from an example neuron showing the spike raster (left) and the average responses for the ...
The plasticity rules do not fix the firing rate of neurons, instead firing rates vary in response to...
<p>a) An example of the firing rate of a single dopamine neuron during forced trials, based on data ...
<p>Raster plots of successive evoked responses before and after learning (A and B) for four source s...
<p>(A) Post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of the output activity in response to a stimulus with con...
<p>(A) Output spike trains for two runs (blue and red) of activity starting with the same initial co...
<p>(<b>a</b>) Responses of four example neurons for a V1 dataset recorded via an implanted electrode...
<p>(A) Population histograms of BS (red curves) and NS (blue curves) R-neurons identified in the cue...
<p><b>A.</b> Average responses of an example neuron (+/- 1 SEM in firing rate), separated by binned ...
<p>A, Percentages of neurons that showed significant main effect of schedule level and reward amount...
<p>A, Left, action potential waveform and distribution of interspike intervals of representative neu...
<p>A) Left panel: spike-density functions (SDFs) calculated during the sample phase, shown separatel...
(a) The demonstration network consists of populations of excitatory (red dots), inhibitory (blue dot...
<p><b>A</b>) Example average waveform from a recorded neuron (solid line). The abscissa represents t...
<p>Responses were plotted as a function of time (left column) and contrast (right column). Panels <i...
<p>A) Data from an example neuron showing the spike raster (left) and the average responses for the ...
The plasticity rules do not fix the firing rate of neurons, instead firing rates vary in response to...
<p>a) An example of the firing rate of a single dopamine neuron during forced trials, based on data ...
<p>Raster plots of successive evoked responses before and after learning (A and B) for four source s...
<p>(A) Post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of the output activity in response to a stimulus with con...
<p>(A) Output spike trains for two runs (blue and red) of activity starting with the same initial co...
<p>(<b>a</b>) Responses of four example neurons for a V1 dataset recorded via an implanted electrode...
<p>(A) Population histograms of BS (red curves) and NS (blue curves) R-neurons identified in the cue...
<p><b>A.</b> Average responses of an example neuron (+/- 1 SEM in firing rate), separated by binned ...
<p>A, Percentages of neurons that showed significant main effect of schedule level and reward amount...
<p>A, Left, action potential waveform and distribution of interspike intervals of representative neu...
<p>A) Left panel: spike-density functions (SDFs) calculated during the sample phase, shown separatel...
(a) The demonstration network consists of populations of excitatory (red dots), inhibitory (blue dot...
<p><b>A</b>) Example average waveform from a recorded neuron (solid line). The abscissa represents t...
<p>Responses were plotted as a function of time (left column) and contrast (right column). Panels <i...
<p>A) Data from an example neuron showing the spike raster (left) and the average responses for the ...
The plasticity rules do not fix the firing rate of neurons, instead firing rates vary in response to...
<p>a) An example of the firing rate of a single dopamine neuron during forced trials, based on data ...