Colony morphology and associated biofilms (measured quantitatively) produced by <i>V. cholerae</i> wild-type and mutant strains.

<p>(A) Colony morphology at 24 h and 48 h: each <i>V. cholerae</i> strain was subcultured on L-agar for isolated colonies, and the culture plate was incubated overnight at 37°C for 48 h. The images of bacterial colony were taken at 24 and 48 h of incubations; (B) Quantitative measurement of biofilm produced by each <i>V. cholerae</i> strain in nutrient-rich L-broth. All the values are expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD) from at least triplicate experiments.