Plots of the relationship between alert distance (AD) and flight initiation distance (FID) of the hypothetical species when the largest outlier (where FID was set to 0) was changed from an AD of 40 m to, respectively, 50 m (a), 60 m (b), 70 m (c), and 80 m (d).

<p>Outcome of the four statistics (Pearson’s <i>r, r;</i> Spearman’s ρ, ρ; Pearson’s chi-squared, χ²; and phi index, Φ) and the 1∶1 line is shown on their respective plots.