Cyto-/chemokine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid samples of rats with pneumococcal meningitis and treated with NaCl or LiCl were measured 18 h after infection.

<p>All cyto-/chemokines measured were elevated in infected animals receiving LiCl compared to their littermates receiving NaCl. For TNF (<b>A</b>), IL-10 (<b>B</b>), and MCP-1 (<b>C</b>) this difference reached statistical significance. (TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; boxes extend from the 25th to 75th percentiles and include median; +, mean; whiskers, minimum to maximum value; *, p<0.05; **, p<0. 01).