Impaired bacterial clearance and exacerbated inflammation in <i>Nod2^−/−</i> mice.

<p>Streptomycin-pretreated C57Bl/6 and <i>Nod2^−/−</i> mice were orally infected with wild-type <i>S.</i> Typhimurium or the Δ<i>msbB</i> mutant for the indicated times. <i>S.</i> Typhimurium Δ<i>msbB</i> colonization of the (A) ileum, (B) cecum and (C) colon. The dashed line indicates the limit of detection. cfu: colony forming units. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison post-test after logarithmic transformation. (D) <i>S.</i> Typhimurium wild-type colonization 2 days post infection. (E) Pathology scores of <i>S.</i> Typhimurium infected ceca and mock-infected controls at day 2 p.i., Statistical analysis: Student's <i>t</i> test. (F) H&E staining of <i>S.</i> Typhimurium Δ<i>msbB</i> infected cecal sections and mock-infected controls at day 2 p.i. Original magnification: 40×; scale bars = 500 µm; L = lumen, M = mucosa, SM = submucosa. * <i>p</i><0.05; ** <i>p</i><0.01; *** <i>p</i><0.001; ns: not significant.