Learning and 1-h memory recall in different behavioral castes exposed to IPA or to Oil (control).

<p>1A. Acquisition curves show changes in the percentages of bees displaying the conditioned proboscis extension response (PER) over three successive conditioning trials. Letters (a, b, c) indicate significant differences between groups in the final conditioning trial (refer to text for p values). Groups that share a letter are not significantly different. The number of bees in each group is indicated in brackets. 1B. 1-hour memory recall. Response levels differ significantly in groups with a different letter (refer to text for p values).