Effects of Ad36 infection and exercise on mitochondria.

<p>(A) The mitochondria were isolated from liver and muscle tissues, and the cytochrome c oxidase activity was measured (^†p<0.05 vs. nonexercise mice, p<0.05; ANOVA). (B) Mitochondrial membrane integrity was measured in the liver (p<0.05, ANOVA in nonexercise mice; p<0.01, ANOVA in exercise mice) and muscle tissues (p<0.05, ANOVA). (C) Liver, muscle, and inguinal fat pads were obtained at 7 days after Ad36 injection. The pathology of the mitochondria in the organs was assessed by electron microscopy. (D) The number of mitochondria and the total areas of the liver, muscle, and inguinal fat pads were calculated using Adobe Photoshop (<i>n</i> = 5, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001; <i>t</i>-test). The statistical analysis was carried out independently for each group, with lowercase letters indicating the nonexercising group, and capital letters for the exercising group. Statistically, groups with different letters over the bars were significantly different.