Changes in the percentage of CD8⁺ and CD8⁺TCRγδ⁺ IELs in the rats in the VAD group and in the rats in the four VAS groups in the presence or absence of LPS (n = 8 to 10).

<p>A) The effects of VAS and LPS challenge on the percentage of CD8⁺ IELs in the rats in the five groups (VAD, VASP, VAS1, VAS2 and VAS3). B) The number of CD8⁺ IELs was significantly higher in the rats in the combined VASP and VAS1 groups compared with the rats in the VAD group. C) The LPS treatment significantly affected the percentage of CD8⁺ IELs after combining data from the five VA treatments. D) The percentages of CD8⁺TCRγδ⁺ IELs were significantly decreased in the rats in the four VAS groups independent of exposure to LPS (n = 8 to 10). The values are the means±SD, and **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001, ^$$$<i>P</i><0.001; n.s. = not significant in post hoc tests.