<i>CRA2</i> locally regulates lateral root formation and systemically regulates symbiotic nodule formation from the shoots.

<p><b>A</b> and <b>C</b>, Representative images of different grafting combinations between the wild-type (WT) and <i>cra2-1</i> plants that were grown in greenhouse with a perlite-sand mixture for eight weeks on an N-rich medium (<b>A</b>) or on an N-deprived medium with <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> 1021 (<b>C</b>). The shoot/root grafting combinations are indicated above each picture. In panel (<b>C</b>), detailed pictures showing nodules (arrows) are included below. Bar = 1 cm. <b>B</b>, Quantification of the lateral root density (number of emerged lateral roots/centimeter of parental root) in the different grafting combinations that are shown in (<b>A</b>). <b>D</b> and <b>E</b>, Quantification of the nodule numbers (<b>D</b>) and the nodule number related to the root dry weight (<b>E</b>) in the different grafting combinations that are shown in (<b>C</b>). In <b>B</b>, <b>D</b> and <b>E</b>, the error bars represent confidence intervals (α = 5%), and the significant differences were determined using a Kruskal and Wallis test (indicated by letters, α<5%; n>10).