<p>H, high risk; L, low risk; U, unclear risk.</p><p>Risk of Bias Assessment.</p
<p>Risk of bias: 0 = low; 1 = moderate; 2 = high.</p><p>Risk of bias from the six articles selected ...
<p>Risk of bias, risk of random error, and quality assessments by criterion (N = 540).</p
<p>Red = High risk of bias. Yellow = Moderate risk of bias. Green = Low risk of bias. White = Unknow...
<p>Key: + Low risk of bias;? Unclear risk of bias; − High risk of bias</p><p>Risk of Bias.</p
<p><i>Note</i>. +: low risk of bias;?: unclear risk of bias;-: high risk of bias.</p><p>Risk of bias...
“+” = low risk of bias; “?” = unclear risk of bias; and “-” = high risk of bias.</p
<p>Yes = low risk of bias, No = high risk of bias, Unclear = unclear risk of bias, NA = not applicab...
<p>Red (-): high risk of bias; Yellow (?): unclear risk of bias; Green (+): low risk of bias.</p
<p>Risk of bias. Red (−): high risk of bias; Yellow (?): unknown risk of bias; Green (+): low risk o...
<p>✓ = yes (low risk of bias); ✗ = no (high risk of bias); ? = unclear risk of bias.</p
<p>Based on the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias, + indicates low risk of bi...
<p>“Yes” indicates a low risk of bias, “No” indicates a high risk of bias, and “Unclear” indicates e...
Summary of bias risk according to QUADAS-2 (L: low risk, H: high risk, M: moderate risk).</p
<p>+, Low risk of bias; − high risk of bias; ?, unknown risk of bias. Risk of bias assessment for ra...
<p>(A) Risk of bias graph: review authors’ judgments about each item’s risk of bias item presented a...
<p>Risk of bias: 0 = low; 1 = moderate; 2 = high.</p><p>Risk of bias from the six articles selected ...
<p>Risk of bias, risk of random error, and quality assessments by criterion (N = 540).</p
<p>Red = High risk of bias. Yellow = Moderate risk of bias. Green = Low risk of bias. White = Unknow...
<p>Key: + Low risk of bias;? Unclear risk of bias; − High risk of bias</p><p>Risk of Bias.</p
<p><i>Note</i>. +: low risk of bias;?: unclear risk of bias;-: high risk of bias.</p><p>Risk of bias...
“+” = low risk of bias; “?” = unclear risk of bias; and “-” = high risk of bias.</p
<p>Yes = low risk of bias, No = high risk of bias, Unclear = unclear risk of bias, NA = not applicab...
<p>Red (-): high risk of bias; Yellow (?): unclear risk of bias; Green (+): low risk of bias.</p
<p>Risk of bias. Red (−): high risk of bias; Yellow (?): unknown risk of bias; Green (+): low risk o...
<p>✓ = yes (low risk of bias); ✗ = no (high risk of bias); ? = unclear risk of bias.</p
<p>Based on the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias, + indicates low risk of bi...
<p>“Yes” indicates a low risk of bias, “No” indicates a high risk of bias, and “Unclear” indicates e...
Summary of bias risk according to QUADAS-2 (L: low risk, H: high risk, M: moderate risk).</p
<p>+, Low risk of bias; − high risk of bias; ?, unknown risk of bias. Risk of bias assessment for ra...
<p>(A) Risk of bias graph: review authors’ judgments about each item’s risk of bias item presented a...
<p>Risk of bias: 0 = low; 1 = moderate; 2 = high.</p><p>Risk of bias from the six articles selected ...
<p>Risk of bias, risk of random error, and quality assessments by criterion (N = 540).</p
<p>Red = High risk of bias. Yellow = Moderate risk of bias. Green = Low risk of bias. White = Unknow...
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