Genetic effects on epigenetic variation.

<p>(A) Heritability values based on genome-wide genetic differentiation for all highly differentially methylated regions (hDMRs), hDMRs with randomly permuted methylation rates and subsets of hDMRs depending on their overlap with methylated and differentially methylated regions of the mutation accumulation (MA) population, respectively. P: Permuted (2,945 hDMRs); A: All (2,945); U: Unmethylated in MA (1,310); M: Methylated in MA (1,243); D: DMR in MA (392). (B) Correlation between structural variants (SVs) and probability of overlap with methylated regions (MRs). Divergent sequences are insertions of at least 20 bp relative to the other population. This analysis is based on 3,256 SVs overlapping with genes, 641 with coding sequences (CDS) and 4,020 with transposable elements (TEs) (<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004920#pgen.1004920.s034" target="_blank">S12 Table</a>). (C) Distances between common SVs of at least 20 bp and the closest differentially methylated position (DMP), depending on whether it is shared between the mutation accumulation (MA) and haplogroup-1 (HPG1) populations. Triangles represent the mean. (D) Hierarchical clustering of HPG1 strains based on methylation rates at 50,000 CG-DMPs. (E) Hierarchical clustering of HPG1 strains based on average methylation rates of 2,829 hDMRs with full information across all strains. Methylation rates per region were calculated as the average methylation rate of each methylated cytosine in that region.