Biological confirmation of the microarray results—phosphorylation of Fkh2 affects multiple pathogenic processes.

<p>A) Biofilm formation in 12 well plastic plates imaged after 48 h. B) Quantitation shows the average weight for ten individual biofilms. C) Epithelial cell damage measured by LDH release in a TR146 oral epithelial monolayer infection model. D) and E) Immune activation in the infection model was measured by IL-1α (D) or IL-1β (E) production. Error bars are standard deviations. In C-E <i>FKH2/FKH2^‡</i> represents an <i>ARG4⁺ URA3⁺</i> BWP17 strain that has identical auxotrophic requirements to the other strains tested; <i>FKH2/FKH2</i> represents a strain with 2 wild-type alleles of <i>FKH2</i>, one of which is C-terminally tagged with YFP and is prototrophic for <i>URA3</i> only. B-E: Significance of the indicated comparisons was assessed by unpaired, one-tailed t-tests * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01.