Shift of the immune response through rAdVax immunotherapy in chronically <i>T. cruzi</i>-infected mice.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Chronically Colombian-infected mice were primed-boosted with 2 × 10⁸ plaque-forming units (PFU) of rAdCtrl or a mixture of 10⁸ PFU of each adenovirus vaccine preparation (rAdASP2+rAdTS; rAdVax) and analyzed at the endpoints, as indicated. (<b>B</b>) Numbers of IFNγ-secreting cells in the spleens of immunized mice were determined using ELISpot after 20 hours of stimulation with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28. (<b>C</b>) Representative histograms showing the R1-gated CFSE^high-based lymphoproliferative response after 72 hours of stimulation with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28. (<b>D</b>) Representative dot plot showing the R1-gated CFSE^Low-based lymphoproliferative response after 72 hours of treatment with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28. After stimulation, the spleen cells were stained with APC-conjugated anti-CD8. Cycling CFSE^LowCD8⁺ cells were detected in gates R3, R4 and R5. (<b>E</b>) Numbers of CD8⁺IFNγ-secreting cells in the spleens of immunized mice were determined by ELISpot using the H-2K^b-restricted VNHRFTLV peptide (3 and 10 μg/mL). The results represent three to five mice per experimental group of non-infected (NI) controls and <i>T. cruzi</i>-infected mice immunized with rAdCtrl or rAdVax and analyzed at 190 dpi (70 days post-therapy). * <i>P</i> <0.05, ** <i>P</i> <0.01 and ***<i>P</i> <0.001, experimental groups compared with NI controls. ^†<i>P</i> <0.05, non-stimulated compared with stimulated condition in an experimental group. § <i>P</i> <0.05, rAdVax-immunized compared with rAdCtrl-injected <i>T. cruzi</i>-infected mice.