Synthesis of 2,3-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-2,3-<i>endo</i>-methylene- and 2,3-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-3‑<i>C</i>‑hydroxymethyl-2,3-<i>endo</i>-methylene-pentofuranoses and Their Use in the Preparation of Conformationally Locked Bicyclic Nucleosides

Construction of protected 2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-2,3-<i>endo</i>-methylene-pento­furanoses from d-glyceraldehyde and 2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-3-<i>C</i>-hydroxy­methyl-2,3-<i>endo</i>-methylene-pento­furanoses from d-isoascorbic acid, via Simmons–Smith-type stereoselective cyclopropanations on the respective fluoroallyl alcohols, is described. Synthesis of the corresponding conformationally locked sugar modified uridine and guanosine nucleosides was achieved via Vorbrüggen or Mitsunobu methodologies. Stereochemical confirmation of the novel nucleosides was performed on the basis of 2D NOESY NMR experiments. Analysis of 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′-fluoro-3′-<i>C</i>-hydroxy­methyl-2′,3′-<i>endo</i>-methylene-uridine by X-ray crystallography yielded the principal conformational parameters and indicated that the furanoid ring adopted an ^oE/^oT₁, East pucker. The uridine and guanosine nucleosides were found to be inactive in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell-based replicon assay, which was corroborated on examination of the corresponding nucleoside triphosphates against the HCV NS5B polymerase