Macrophage chemotaxis was markedly inhibited by GS12021 treatment.

<p>Macrophage migration assays using DMEM (migration media) or conditioned medium (CM) collected from adipocytes were conducted. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with DMSO or GS12021 at 20 μM for 3 h and detached cells used for the migration assay in the presence of DMEM or CM in the lower well. Cells placed in transwells were incubated for 3 h for migration, and migrated cells found on the lower parts of transwells were counted after staining with crystal violet. The experiments were repeated three times and the representative microscope images for migrated cells are shown below at ×100 magnification. **<i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>versus</i> DMEM; ^##<i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>versus</i> CM.