Clonal expansion index stratifies patients into prognostic subgroups.

<p>(A) Distribution of CE index over all patients and the respective group sample sizes (<i>n</i>). The red line indicates median CE = 0.73, dichotomizing the cases into equal-sized CE-low and CE-high groups. (B) The relationship between CE and relative hazard is nonlinear. The fit line is generated from the multivariable model incorporating penalised spline smoothing. Grey shading indicates the 95% confidence interval for log hazard. Extreme CE values are not shown as the spline smoothing algorithm disregards values outside the 95% range. The median (red line) separates a region of low hazard from a region of high hazard indicated by non-overlapping confidence intervals. (C and D) The CE-low and CE-high groups show a statistically significant difference in PFS (log-rank <i>p</i> < 0.01) and OS (log-rank <i>p</i> < 0.01). Numbers at risk are given above the <i>x</i>-axis for the CE-low (top) and CE-high (bottom) groups.