AC hmwPSs activated human MoDCs.

<p>Human MoDCs were generated from PBMCs and treated with PBS (control) or AC hmwPSs (5 or 10 μg/mL). (A) After 24 h, supernatants were collected. The amounts of IL-6 and IL-12 were measured by ELISA. Data are presented as the mean + SD of three samples. *<i>p</i><0.05 (<i>Mann</i>–<i>Whitney U test</i>) are comparisons between AC hmwPS-treated and PBS-treated MoDCs. (B) After 16 h, the expressions of CD40, CD83 and HLA-DR (gray-filled area) were determined by immunostaining and flow cytometry. All data shown were gated on CD1a⁺ cells. The black line represents staining with an isotype-matched control antibody. The level of expression is indicated as MFI in each graph. All data are representative of five independent experiments with cells from different donors.