Circulating monocytes’ mRNA expression of genes encoding (A) pro- inflammatory and (B) immunoregulatory cytokines in 11 untreated (UNT) and 14 interferon-(IFN) β treated patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

<p>IFN-β-treated patients were sampled 36–48 hours after their last injection of IFN-β. CD14⁺ cells were isolated by immunomagnetic labeling separation. Gene expression levels are given as normalization ratio (NR), boxes represent interquartile range, median value is indicated as a line, whiskers represent range. Studies were made on the sub-study 2 population. Statistics was by the Mann-Whitney U test. • = p<0.05, •• = p<0.005; ••• = p<0.001.