Discovery of Novel 2,5-Dioxoimidazolidine-Based P2X₇ Receptor Antagonists as Constrained Analogues of KN62

Novel 2,5-dioxoimidazolidine-based conformationally constrained analogues of KN62 (<b>1</b>) were developed as P2X₇ receptor (P2X₇R) antagonists using a rigidification strategy of the tyrosine backbone of <b>1</b>. SAR analysis of the 2,5-dioxoimidazolidine scaffold indicated that piperidine substitution at the N3 position and no substitution at N1 position were preferable. Further optimization of the substituents at the piperidine nitrogen and the spacer around the skeleton resulted in several superior antagonists to <b>1</b>, including 1-adamantanecarbonyl analogue <b>21i</b> (IC₅₀ = 23 nM in ethidium uptake assay; IC₅₀ = 14 nM in IL-1β ELISA assay) and (3-CF₃-4-Cl)­benzoyl analogue <b>(−)-21w</b> (54 nM in ethidium uptake assay; 9 nM in IL-1β ELISA assay), which was more potent than the corresponding (+) isomer. Compound <b>21w</b> displayed potent inhibitory activity in an ex vivo model of LTP-induced pain signaling in the spinal cord and significant anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo models of carrageenan-induced paw edema and type II collagen-induced joint arthritis