Effect of 24 hour exposure to fatty acids on human BMMSC energy metabolism.

<p>A) Palmitate oxidation, B) palmitate uptake, C) glycolysis, and D) glucose oxidation were measured in human BMMSCs that had been treated for 24 hr with either 0.55 mM albumin (BSA group) or 0.55 mM albumin and 0.4 mM palmitate and/or 0.4 mM oleate prior to these metabolism measurements being made. n = 5–8 The graphs indicate which groups were exposed to these different treatments for the 24 hr prior to the metabolism measurements. During each assay all groups were given Krebs buffer supplemented with 5 mM glucose and 0.4 mM palmitate bound to 0.55 mM albumin. In addition, the Krebs buffer was supplemented with either [U-¹⁴C]glucose, [1–¹⁴C]palmitate, or [5–³H]glucose for the measurement of glucose oxidation, palmitate oxidation and uptake, or glycolysis, respectively. E) The contribution of metabolic pathways to ATP production were calculated from the metabolic rate results. * Significantly different from all groups. Values are shown as mean ± SEM.