tRA-mediated modulation of kidney pathology.

<p>(A-C) Leukocyte infiltration of the tubulointerstitial region. (A) Cell infiltration (CI) scores according to H&E stains. (B) Representative micrographs of H&E stains of the tubulointerstitial region. Bar equals 100 μm. Areas of infiltration are indicated by arrows. (C) Immunohistochemical stains of T cells (CD3-blue), dendritic cells (CD11c-red), and plasma cells (CD138-green). Representative images are shown. Bar equals 100 μm. (D-H) Glomerular analysis (GA). (D) Average GA scores of hypercellularity, mesangial matrix expansion, necrosis, percentage of sclerotic glomeruli, and glomerular crescents. (E) Analysis of proteinuria. The level of total protein in the urine was measured weekly with Chemstrip 2GP. The data of 6- to 8-week-old time points were combined as the early stage, and those of 12- to 14-week-old time points were combined as the late stage. (F) Representative H&E stains showing kidney glomeruli. Bar equals 60 μm. (G) PAS stains showing kidney glomeruli. Bar equals 40 μm. (H) Immunohistochemical stains of IgG (green) and complement C3 (red) deposition in the kidney cortex. Bar equals 200 μm. ns: not significant, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, one-way ANOVA. Data are shown as mean + SEM (n = 6 mice in each group).