HPE, CL/P, and CPO associated brain morphology.

<p>Superior views of dissected brains are shown for a vehicle-exposed normal animal (A) and for representative examples of animals with vismodegib-induced HPE (B), cyclopamine-induced CL/P (C), and vismodegib-induced CPO (D). Severe hypoplasia of the cerebral cortices (cc) and olfactory bulb (ofb) absence is apparent in the animal with HPE. In animals with CL/P and CPO, the cerebral cortices appear to be of approximately normal size but the olfactory bulbs are hypoplastic. Serial coronal sections of comparably classified animals are shown in E-P. Notable HPE-associated features include a single central nasal passage with nasal septum (ns) cartilage absence (black arrow), olfactory bulb agenesis (J), and a single telencephalic vesicle (N). Grossly normal division of the olfactory bulbs (K, L) and cerebral cortices (O, P), and apparent forebrain septal (s) region hyperplasia (white arrows) is observed in animals with CL/P and CPO. (t) Tongue, (e) eye, (sp) secondary palate.