Inhibition of autophagy using 3-MA.

<p>HepG2 <b>(A, B)</b> and A549 <b>(C, D)</b> cells were incubated with medium alone (Ctl-), 50 μM etoposide (Etop), 3 mg/ml heat-fragmented citrus pectin (HFCP) or 3 mg/ml citrus pectin (Pectin). 3-MA at 1 mM was added or not to cells during incubation. <b>(A, C)</b> After 24 h of incubation, a western blot analysis was performed on 15 μg of protein using antibodies against LC3 and p62. The immunodetection of ß-actin was used as the loading control. The results are representative of two independent experiments. <b>(B, D)</b> Viability was assayed using the MTT test after 24 or 48 h. Data are the means of triplicates +/−SD (n = 3). *^/# or ***^/###: P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.001 using ANOVA I and Tukey’s multiple comparison test.