hUCMSCs secretion factors with rBMSCs enhanced rat calvarial bone repair.

<p>(A) 3D reconstruction of calvarial bone samples of 4 weeks and 8 weeks following treatment. The left side: PBS +GFP-rBMSCs; the right side: 10 μg hUCMSCs secretion + GFP-rBMSCs. The image showed increased bone formation in the hUCMSCs secretion factors group (the right side) than in the control group (the left side) at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. (B) H&E staining of cranial bone (transverse plane) showed increased regenerated tissue in hUCMSCs secretion factor group (the right side). (C) microCT analysis showed the new bone volume in the hUCMSCs secretion factors group was significantly increased compared to that of the control group at both time points. (D) The sections were stained with H&E, Safranin O, and immunostaining with OCN and GFP. OCN positive immunostaining illustrated the bone tissues. GFP positive cells were derived from allogenic rBMSCs in new tissue. More OCN and GFP positive cells were seen in the hUCMSCs secretion factors group than in the control group. Arrows indicate the newly formed bone tissues (in H&E and Safranin O staining), or positive cells (in OCN and GFP immunostaining). Box areas of inset indicate the region shown in higher magnification. Scale bars = 1000 μm (A,B), 100μm (D), 200 μm (inset of D). N: native bone. *p<0.05.