A and B) Selective constraints imposed upon MAPKs (foreground) that most contribute to sequence divergence from CMGC Kinases (background).

<p>Representative alignment of MAPKs is shown. Residues identified via CHAIN as distinctive of MAPKs are shown with black dots above each aligned column. The height of the red histograms above each corresponding column shows the degree of divergence of the MAPK foreground sequence from the CMGC counterparts (background). The residue frequency in the foreground is shown directly below the display alignment in positive integer tenths (i.e. 6 corresponds to 60–70% of weighted foreground sequences). The number of residues aligned in the foreground and weighted foreground frequency is shown near the “foreground” and wt_res_freqs designation, respectively. In particular, the weighted frequency was automatically done by the sampler to adjust to the overrepresentation of selected subfamilies in the alignment. The number of residues in the background and the weighted frequency is shown below in pink, respectively. Residues with strongest constraints are colored accordingly with residues of similar biochemical properties having similar color. Notable secondary structural locations are indicated above the histograms, and general numbering scheme is shown at the bottom with designated family numbering for reference. In Fig. 2B, the C-tail starts after the conserved HPY motif of the kinase domain.