Effect of <i>Betula pendula</i> leaf surface ethanol extract on <i>Lymantria dispar</i> fitness.

<p>Weight (mean ±SE) (a) and survival rate (mean ±SE) (b) of <i>Lymantria dispar</i> larvae reared on artificial diet with different concentrations of leaf surface extract is presented. The data were pair-wise compared by post hoc Fisher LSD procedure. The letters above the bar mean the significant differences (at <i>P</i><0.05) to be compared with the bars abbreviated by the same letters within bar.