Salivary nucleosides induce iTreg in an A2_AR-dependent manner.

<p>In <i>A</i>, ears from mice infected with <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i> (10⁶ parasites/ ear) in the presence of ADO+AMP (■) or PBS (□) were harvested at 11 weeks post infection for quantification of A2_AR and A2_BR. <i>A</i>, mRNA expression. Data are shown as the means ± SEM from one of two independent experiments that were each performed with four mice per group (<i>n</i> = 4 per group). *, <i>p</i><0.05 relative to naïve mice. ^#, <i>p</i><0.05 relative to the PBS group. Ear lesion (<i>B</i>) and parasite burden in ear and draining lymph nodes (<i>C</i>) by a limiting-dilution assay in WT and A2_AR^-/-mice at 11 weeks post infection were determined. Expression levels of CD39, CD73, and CD103 (<i>E</i> and <i>G</i>) analyzed in CD4⁺CD25⁺ (<i>D</i>) and CD4⁺CD25^- (<i>E</i>) population. Data are shown as the means ± SEM of two separate experiments; each experiment was performed with five (burden parasite and flow cytometry) to ten (ear lesion) mice per group (<i>n</i> = 5–10).