Immunohistochemical analyses of autophagy signaling cascade in the quadriceps of VCP^R155H/+ and WT mice treated with autophagy-modifying drugs.

<p>Quadriceps muscles from <b>(A,B)</b> control, <b>(C,D)</b> rapamycin- and <b>(E,F)</b> chloroquine-treated 20-month old WT and VCP^{<b>R155H/+</b>} mice were stained with anti-ubiquitin, p62<i>/SQSTM1</i>, LC3-I/II, and TDP-43/ubiquitin specific antibodies, respectively (shown by arrows). Cells’ nuclei were stained with DAPI (Magnification: 630X). Scale bar represents 100 μM. <b>(G)</b> Western blot expression analysis of autophagy proteins including ubiquitin, optineurin (OPTN), p62/<i>SQSTM1</i>, VCP, LC3-I/II, TDP-43, and mTOR pathway proteins: mTOR and p70S6K. Beta actin was used as a positive control. The number of mice analyzed per experiment is 6–8.