Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) induced the production of prostaglandin-E₂ (PGE₂).

<p>MS1 cells were preincubated with NS398 (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, 10 and 20 μM) for 30 min, and then treated with AGEs (200 μg/mL) for 24 h. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, B, 200 μg/mL) was as a negative control. The cell culture medium subjected to PGE₂ testing, and the PGE₂ concentration was normalized to the amount of cellular protein to which the conditioned media was exposed. Data are presented as means ± SEM from three independent experiments. *<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs BSA; ^#<i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. AGEs.