Presence of <i>Wolbachia</i> within various <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> genotypes and their offspring assessed using polymerase chain reaction (A) and qPCR targeting the <i>wsp</i> gene on individual flies (B) or Western blot using antibodies against Wsp on both pooled fly lysates (C) and individual flies (D).

<p>Anti-actin loading controls also shown. Consistency of <i>Wolbachia</i> Wsp production in wild-type control flies shown in panel (D) using 10 age-matched female flies (stock 145). Variability in the maintenance of the <i>Wolbachia</i> infection is shown in panel (D) where F2 <i>chic</i>^<i>221</i><i>/+</i> progeny are probed with anti-wsp antibody. Specificity of the anti-Wsp antibody shown in panel (E) where uninfected flies are unreactive and intensity of reactivity is directly associated with amount of fly lysate loaded (FS = full strength).