Representative immunohistochemical staining.

<p>(A) Both invasive ductal carcinoma and cancer stromal cells showing immunoreactivity with a specific monoclonal antibody to beclin-1. (B) Invasive ductal carcinoma cells, not the stromal cells, exhibiting beclin-1 immunoreactivity. (C) Significant immunoreactivity is not observed in the invasive ductal cancer cells, whereas the cancer-associated stromal cells exhibit beclin-1 immunoreactivity. (D) Neither invasive ductal cancer cells nor stromal cells showing beclin-1 immunoreactivity. Note the beclin-1 immunoreactivity in non-tumorous ductal epithelial cells (indicated by asterisk). (E) Cancer and stromal cells exhibiting beclin-1 immunoreactivity are indicated by arrows and arrow heads, respectively. Scales bars: 100μm.